Internal-combustion engine



G. S. MAcDNALD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION'ENGINE.

APPLlcAnoNmED Nov.a.191s.

Patented July 27, 1920.

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Gle/02" G. S. MAcDONALD.

INTERNAL COMUBUS'IIION ENGINE. APPLICATION` FILED Nov. s. 191s.

1,347,817. -A Patented'luly 27, 1920.

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' G. S. MACDONALD. v Y

.INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOVl 8. 1918.

1,347,817, Patented July 27,1920.

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G. s. MACDONALD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 8. .1918.

1,347,817, Patented July 27,1920.

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i UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

y GEORGE STANLEY MAenoNALn, or PORTLAND, OREGON. Y

To' all whom et may concern .1 j

Beit known that I, GnoRGnSITANnY MAC- DONALD, acitizen of the United States, re-

j sidin at Portland,vcounty'of Multnomah, and, tate of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inInternal-` Combustion Engines, of ,which the follow-1.

ing isv a: specification. Y My invention relates toy improvements in internal combustion engines, .andit consists Y in :the coinbinajtions,"` constructions and arrangements herein described and claimed.

An object of. my' invention is to provide Akan'engine which will 'operate economically andfeiiiciently "on crude oil, fuel-oil and y vother liquid fuels.r

vfurther object of 'my invention 'is' to provide a 'deviceof 4the type described having-means for maintaining azsupp'ly of fuel, under constant jpressure,v to an atomizer which discharges into a combustion chamber, the latter'being'filled-with compressed air, and the' walls-"of the chamber being 'A' heated so as to ignite the mixture,

A further object of my invention lis to Y provide a deviceof the 'type describedin which the speed" of the engine ,is rendered constant 'by' automatically yreducing or increasing the supplyof fuel oil to the combustion chamber through the actionof a centrifugal governor;

Other objects and advantages willap# pear in the following specication, and the novel'features ofthe-invention will be particularlypointed out in the appended claims.- j g l My invention is illustrated in thevaccompart of this engine; v A j p 'F 1g'. 2 1s a'l side view of the engme, a part being shown 1nsect1on;"lA l Fig. '3, is a view of ,the oppositeside of 'the device;4 l Y Fig. `4-is aL rearview ofthe device; and

.Fig 5 iSy a Ldetailedview of the check Vva'lv."--v.'z",l

In carrying out my invention I provide a crank i case 1, having bearings 2,for the crank shaft 3'. vThe latter is connected by a pitmanor connectingrod 4 to a piston 5, of the shape srhown'in the drawings. The piston is provided with the usual piston rings and has la* cut-away portion 6 at its Figure 1 "is a vertical section through thetric 30, on the crank shaft 3.

' vIN'rnrnvAL-c0M:eusfrroNENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. YPatented July 27, 1920 Appnea'tion mee November s, 191s. serial No. 261,621.

top't'o provide lan air 'passa-ge, as herein" after explained. Y'

The piston is designed to operate in a water-jacketed cylinder 7 which is securedv to the crank case and which is provided wlth a communicating passage 8 leading to the crank case, on one side,and with an exhaust port 9 onthe opposite side. The top of the cylinder is formed by a plate or casting 1Q, which has a central recess 11 on the outside thereof. Disposed in this central recess is the base of a combustion chamber 12 which extends through an opening in the top 10 so as to communicate Vwith the interior of the cylinder. Thisl chamber is'secured in position by means of bolts, or in any other suitable manner.

Carried by the cylinder wallis a 'valve casing 13, containing a spring-pressed valve 14, which governs the flow of fuel to an atomizing nozzle 15, projecting slightly intofthe ycombustion chamber and provided onl its upperside'with an'opening for admitting the crude oil into the combustion the lvalve 14 open, when the lever is oper.

ated manually. The valve casing 13 com-l municates -by means of Va pipe with a pressure chamber 23," which in turny communicates by means of a pipe 24 with a fuel 25. The latter is designed to be operated, while the engine is running, by means-of a push-rod 26, slidable in guides 27, through'the medium of an arm 28, Vat the end of a rod 29, extending to an eccen- A spring Blais provided to return the plunger of the Y pump 25 after it; has been pushed upwardly by the push-rod 26. In order to operatethe oil pump manually, I provide a lever 32, which may be voperated byhand independently 'of the eccentric. As will be seen from Fig- 2, a relief valve is disposed on one side of the pressure chamber 23, this reliefvalve being shown at 33 in the drawings, whileha pressure gage is on the opposite side.-

The rock-shaft 18 is operated by'ineans of an arm 35, to which.iscpivotallylattachedj a rod 36, extending to the eccentric A disk 38 is secured to the shaft 3 andbetween the disk and the eccentric is a governing devicelV underthe tension of a spring @LOL This governing device. is pivoted to 'the disk 38, and by increasing or decreasing the terlsign ofI the, spring, the I stroke .orA the eccentric may be increased or decreased, thereVV by increasing` or. decreasing the4 movement of the rock-shaft '18 andthe valve lacontrolledi therebynand thus. admitting more or lessfuel. c

From, the, foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation.V

thereof :maybe vreadily understood.` Before startingzthe engine, the; valve 4l, controlling the pipe 2,4, andthe valve 42 on the` pipe 22 leading from. the pressure chamber,v are opened` The uelpurnp 25` ,is Vnow operated by Ineansof, the lever 32.` T yhe crude oil is pumped Vfrom thel .receiver (notV shown) through-Elbe. Pipe 4345@ Fie 3), thence. through the pipe2l, intothe pressurechaniber, raising theair confined in this pressure chamber/to4 aboukt-250 lbs. The conilnistion4 ordinary` gasolene or kerosene *blow-torchVy The llywheel fop. eenA or lfteen minutes,- llgis now turned backward againstthe cornipression ,i'n the, cylinder, and ithe leverz 19` isl hit,a sharp blow/,with the, palrn offthe hand,l

thusraising thefneedle valve 45 in thespraylng nozzle 150f` from its seat, allowing a linespray,o,f,oilto be forced through the,

opening l'rin the upper side .of the spray,n ing, nozzle, intoY the. superheated t air inl the combustionnchalnber, the airt beingy under.,` compression. The mixture of the gas and air-,is ,instantly ignited;by the hot Walls; of),

the .combustion chamber,l theV resulting eX- plosion driving the piston downwardon the* first stroke`- i, Thereafter-the .engine operates automatically.` On the down `strokjeoif the piston, thefair, in the crankI case is coin-b. pressed, and` when the,` piston clears the., upper en d'of the passageway 8, the cornpressed airX-rnshes` intdthe interior, of the, cylinder, driving outgthe exhaust, gases. On

thel retnrn stroke of thepiston thisair is Vcompressed the combustion chamber. 55!

The, airg, enters 4, thev crank case through a sprlngl-:pressed valve .46, which is screwed 1n thevwallgor` the crankcase andwhich-opens. v tov permit fthe, entrance of thei air butfcloses to ,preventthe escape of, airfroin the crank case. The governor39l iscsetffor any desirable; speedbyA increasing or decreasing the. tension of'I the spring 4Q which f pulls the..

counter weighty, toward the engine crankV shaft, thereby holding thefeccentric in thel position` allowing the greatest stroke or eccentricity.` As the enginecrankshakft increases it's speed of rotation, centrifugal force causes the counter weight to pull awayV "from: the crankshaft, thereby decreasing the eccentricity or stroke of the eccentric, which action, in turn, shortens the stroke .of the rocker arm 18, thus decreasing the lift offthe needle valve and thereby shortening.

the period, ofA time, that the needle valve 4remains open. rIhis':automatically reduces 75 or increases the supply. of, fuel oilg tolthe, CQmbuStvn vehemente the eatentnesary te .keep thesneedfo the Qngleewnstant- When `the leve;` .19, ,is pushed down `against, therocker arrn, ity is; held in, positionY hyI 80. means. Ofthe Catchfllas 1eme asltheengne. iS inoperative The engineman bestopeal by releasing the catch 2 1, or, hy",closing the ,Y valve 42 -leaclingx. to the oil supply.. The en- It is obvionsthatithe,arraaigernengherein 10.0 l

described: srequally-applable:t0 thef four Cycle'lvre 0f weleens, Well asti-tothe two Cycletyn@ Shown herein-t, let-,may loe-als@A applied ,te a; multiple Cylllcderefl :engine .as Well 21S ffeasnsle ,Cylinder @eine Witheut 105 departing in the least froinvthe spirit andthe` scopegof-,the invention.

Illams. i 1,- 111. internal; C,filialenet,10.11y engine, af

crank case, a, cylinder, ,apiston disposed 110I within the cylinder, the movementsV oftl-ie` pistonl,coutrolline a Cemnmneatoe between the, crank case and :fthe interior ,f ofthe, cyl-in;

der, a combustion charnherat, one "end of Said. Cylinder, a Spraying:nozzleidlsnesed'in 115 said combustion chamber, a fluid fuel f connected. avi-131.V Said spreyinsfnezzle a eressure chamber disposed lin the.;liriefoffconnee-i` tion between Said pil-,mn meenden-ravine nozzle, a rock shaft for operating said spray--l 12p c ing nozzle, an.eccentrcffonOperatingfsaid rock. shaft, an auxiliary, manually,v operated lever for controlling the communication-,be-.A tween the pressureschaxnberY and the spraying nozzle, anda l reliefwalve for preventing 1 254 tllevpressure in saldra-'essuie Chamber from exceeding a; pre-determined amount. y

2.' In an internal combustion engine, a crank case, a cylinder, a, piston disposed within the cylinder, the movementsof the piston controlling a communication between the crank case and the interior of the cylinder, a combustion chamber at one end of said cylinder, a spraying nozzle disposed in said combustion chamber, a fluid fuel pump, a pressure chamber connected with said pump, connections between said pressure chamber and said spraying nozzle, means carried by the engine for operating said pump, and auxiliary manual means for operating the pump-independently of the engine.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a crank case, a cylinder, a piston disposed within the cylinder, the movements ofthe piston controlling a communication between the crank case and the interior of the cylinder, a combustion chamber at one end of said cylinder, a spraying nozzle disposed in said combustion chamber, a Huid fuel pump connected with said spraying nozzle, a pressure chamber disposed in the line of connection between said pump and said spraying nozzle, a rock shaft for operating said spraying nozzle, aneccentric for operating said rock shaft, and an auxiliary manually operated lever for controlling the communication between the pressure chamber and the spraying nozzle.

GEORGE STANLEY MACDONALD. Witnesses:

G. E. ROBINSON, GEO. O. McCRosKnY. 

